Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is a favourable alternative to the internal combustion engines in vehicle applications. It was initially developed by General Electric for NASA for use in the Gemini spacecraft (ScienceDirect). In this system, thin, conductive...
Bottom-up bioengineering is an approach to build tissue structures using cell-laden modules (such as extracellular matrix) as opposed to seeding cells into porous scaffolds. It has a higher level of biomimicry and has been used successfully in clinical settings for...
A jugular venous valve functions to prevent retrograde blood flow. If it malfunctions or is incompetent, symptoms such as amnesia or stroke may occur. Moreover, there are no long-term remedy for jugular venous valve incompetence – surgery to replace a failed...
In the field of biosensors, artificial muscles and microfluidics, shape-morphing hydrogels are of significant interest. Isotropic materials can be morphed into complex shapes under aqueous stimuli by varying the material (embedding with stiff particulate such as...
